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WHEN Things Fall Apart, MEMORY decrepit, little money, finally, closure
CLOSING
Very recently, a mine States Closed together with a group of miners inside. They or their remains have not been highlighted. Lay was about to consider the burial or closing, usually described as the elimination the man's remains a ritual form. It is not uncommon for owners to bury the bodies of their pets. A common explanation is that it offers help to the victim to enter the afterlife.
Burials in mass graves have been practiced as 125,000 years ago. Trenches, mounds and monumental stone tombs and pyramids were used for these purposes. In ancient Hebrew burials, caves were used for a long time. Other examples of these tombs are the tombs or burial cave temples of western India and Sri Lanka, as well as burial in the Dogon cliff. Vikings from Scandinavia and the burial in water, a somewhat different version of what is the immersion of cremation ashes of the dead in holy rivers like the Ganges among the Hindus in India, even today. India's Parsees expose their dead to the elements and scavenger birds like vultures in special structures known as the Towers of Silence, a practice rarely followed now. Similarly, some indigenous groups American dispose of their dead, leaving the bodies to the elements. Generally, these first funerals are followed by a second, the time difference between the two is the period necessary for the decomposition of the body. Apparently, this is a demonstration of the philosophical notion that death, after all is a transition between society of the living with the unknown or unfamiliar. Anyway, the Jewish faith does not extend the transition from one form to another, their customs and recommend a quick burial to recite a special prayer called the Kaddish at the site of the tomb is a stone identfied installed a year later. An alarm clock or a watch (night) held near the body of someone who died often precedes a Christian burial to be followed by a party, perhaps as a celebration of the release of the deceased's world evil. It is also followed by others (eg, Indians) have a party, just days after the cremation, but rather as a sign respect for the deceased Muslims one.The not only pray toward Mecca, but also bury their dead lying on the right side, facing this direction.
Caves, tombs and coffins
European caves of the Paleolithic period provided the first evidence for the specific purpose Graves. There excavations show prehistoric individual or collective graves, this gives evidence of pits or ossuaries were then opened to bring the bodies of the dead officers or members family business to provide the deceased. Urns containing human remains were discovered in archaeological sites in southern India. These practices have been followed by several people, even in relatively modern times. Apparently, the Egyptians were the first to use a coffin to keep the body from touching the ground, a practice the Greeks and Romans collected when they began to bury their dead. Another practice is similar to the funeral undertaker funeral / burial, in which the body is placed in a ditch in the ground covered with loose soil, then protected by a large stone to prevent removal or alteration. Sea burials are practiced another form of burial in the past by sailors. No more followed, unless the person specifically wants to be sent as well. Sea burials are other telephone lines and pipelines submarine carrying crude oil and refined products. Vessels laying vessels and barges for the laying of pipes used for this work.
A grave can be seen as the final resting place of the dead, a repository of the remains of the deceased. Normally, as a funeral is enclosed in a structure with body lying in a coffin, a sarcophagus urn and so on … There are different types of tombs, as explained in the following list:
Family or private warehouses – these are the underground chambers of brick or stone, usually with vaulted ceilings and for burial, in large part (burial place). Usually Sign found in a church building or a cemetery, and owned by a private group or family for their exclusive use.
Church buildings – Who have no known grave nature because they often contain a body. They are in the building the vault under the church with them, or they may be the tomb chest style standing in a cemetery on the grave.
Crypts are more like arches, but without the exclusivity of private or family. They are intended to burial of the public, but are not entirely uncommon burials.
Martyrdom is a very specific type of the tomb, taking the body remains a martyr or a saint. The Martyrium San Pietro in Montorio is an example.
Mausoleum is the tomb in the sense that it is a separate structure at the opening most often in monumental proportions, for the burial of an individual, group or family. The pyramids of Egypt are prime examples of the mausoleum.
It is common ground that a berm to protect it as a cover megalithic tombs. In prehistoric times, tombs were used as burial places communities generally large and were built with large stones.
Stone sarcophagus container to keep the body or coffin in which he is established. They are often decorated, and also part of a monument. They usually found within the church buildings, tombs and mausoleums or more.
Graves are located in spaces carved in the rock underground, and as the tombs of ancient Egypt used for the burial. In general, however, this means that Christian or Jewish structures used for the purposes described above.
The sanctuary above the top of the burial of a Christian saint called architecture of the sanctuary. The shrine, whose remains are transferred is known as a shrine or ferocity.
Ship burials are also sometimes considered as archaeological tombs disappeared eons. Such as the catacombs beneath the church, cemeteries, graveyards or cemeteries, etc … When the land is privately or in a mountainous landscape, which may be representative Prehistoric funerary structures or tombs.
For the Emperor Nintoku, 16 Emperor of Japan is the distinction of having been buried in a tomb with the world's largest area, volume, otherwise, the honor is for the pyramid of Cheops in Egypt.
Reasons for human burial
Bacteria start the decomposition of a body after death, when bad odors are emitted due to the formation of gas due to decomposition. Burial, after all is not necessarily a requirement of public health is more a matter of decency and honor of the dead. It saves people the show uncomfortable to see the degeneration of the lives of some of them before. The World Health Organization does not subscribe to the wisdom such popular, and recommended that bodies carrying an infectious disease is essential burial.
Universally, however, funerals are the code of conduct that people who were once among us deserve respect when they had gone to answer why and how it has evolved can be found in following reasons.:
The remains of the deceased, who was once close to not diminish the value of life. Left on the ground and under the open sky would attract scavengers whose disposal method would be particularly horrible. Unless the Parsis, all other cultures regard eat the corpse of the deceased by scavengers particularly egregious and total disrespect.
The word psychology closure means ending a chapter particularly painful in his life like the death of a loved one. Burial in this direction accelerates the process, eliminating the body out of the individual view. But out of sight is not always out of mind. This is particularly true of victims of violent crime, was never really about. The wound will not heal, is still another way.
Like all other organic creatures on earth, human beings are also assigned a certain period of time, after which they cease to exist. No Despite the absence of any evidence of a sort to survive without a body, there is a belief in life after death in many cultures. Burial is often considered the gateway to a world beyond the deceased.
And finally, most religions prescribe a good life, a code of conduct for how to spend our lives. Burial is the process between these codes on how to get rid of a corpse.
Burial methods
Burying corpses on the ground is the most common method of disposal in many cultures, which is believed to have started in the Palaeolithic period some 200,000 years ago Homo sapiens, before moving to Africa. Therefore, the cemeteries are found throughout the world. The bodies of ancestors were placed in temples, established under mounds of earth or left in huge underground caverns. Deputy personal days in most cultures is to bury the dead with markers or signs indicating the place, although other methods such as cremation are also monitored. Contrary to Cremation popular belief, it is compulsory in Japan, while India is just a rule. It is also interesting to note that cremation is increasingly popular in places like the western world. The ritual aspect of the burials are more pronounced in some places, while the rest of the practical aspects receive more attention.
Natural burial
Keeping pace with current environmental awareness, there is now a growing trend of natural burial or burial in a green cemetery. The idea has emerged in the UK in early 1990 and then spread across the Atlantic to the United States. Protection and restore the natural environment are the main reasons for adopting this method, which is buried the body in its natural element in a biodegradable coffin or wrapped in a shroud of bio-degradable. Usually a tree is planted over the grave instead of the traditional tomb in it is worth making a living monument to the dead. As more and more these (tombs) are created, a protected area extends to create a conservation area for wildlife, and became known as green cemeteries, cemeteries, forests, natural reserves of memory and so on.
Preventing tooth decay
The process used to preserve a corpse in front of the tooth is called embalming and
takes place in many cultures. One method is very elaborate mummification slow decomposition greatly.
Generally, bodies are wrapped in a shroud and placed in a coffin or a casket. The coffin or casket is protected by a cover or dome of a chapel, in order to prevent collapse under the weight of earth on top, and carry water in case of flooding.
The decomposition process is somewhat hindered by the containers outside, preventing bacteria attack the physical body and decompose, if the process can not be completely stopped. The coatings also prevent body exposure to the elements, if the ground cover is drawn by heavy rains or flooding.
In some cultures, however, is not intended to preserve the body for a long time, but to be one with the Earth naturally. For example, Judaism orthodoxy in wooden coffins, including the pins are metal and does not make sense to help the body become one with the Earth as soon as possible. Similarly, the Muslims wrap the body in a shroud, and usually not embalmed before burial.
Burial clothing and personal effects to the body
Dress the body in their favorite costume, and place objects and trinkets of the later ones in the coffin is often made, and is known as inclusion grave goods, for several reasons:
During the funeral, the body is usually put on display for people to show your respect. It is natural that the deceased in these cases must be presented the best way possible.
A regalia and sacred objects are supposed to do the smooth transition and beyond sweetness.
The inclusion of personal and favorite objects as funerary furniture is made in the belief that what the deceased held most dear and indispensable for life on Earth could be equally important in the afterlife. In addition, there is recognition and a tribute to sense attachment and sense of belonging of the deceased.
For the archaeologist, however, these grave goods add value, offering a vision of how the individual lived at the time. In fact, he assured the deceased in some way immortality.
The position of body
There is no fixed body position in the graves, differs widely between different cultures. For example, Christian burials were extended, which means that the body is back, arms and legs outstretched and mouth and eyes closed. A variant of this project has the arms crossed over his chest. In another variant of the extended family burial the body is prone (lying on the forehead), while in another variation, the body is in a position with knees flexed bent toward the chest. Some ancient societies have buried their warriors in an upright position, while Muslims, as mentioned above, are buried facing Mecca. Although the graves are tough times, many cultures believe that bury their dead is a sign of respect for the dead, and that the correct body must be possible. In mass graves or cemetery, it is understood there are no rules to follow, and things are arbitrary. And rightly so, in these cases, charges insensitivity, indifference or lack of respect for the dead are made. The only dampening factor in such situations is that perhaps those who took the graves have been considerations of time and space oppression. Since the establishment of a church, which is an east – west, the body of a Christian burial is set accordingly, with head west side of the reason is that such placement grave.The allows the deceased to the coming of Christ on the Day of Judgement. As a man finds an inverted position very uncomfortable after a period of time, is considered by some as the burial in this way would cause distress and acute of the deceased would be a fair punishment for sins committed. From time to time in the past, Christians were buried suicides in order to prevent their ghosts are supposed to do damage. It is, however, a fictional account of people who buried their dead upside down position down. Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels Lilliput descrbed how he did it:
"They buried their dead with their heads directly downwards, because they have an opinion that in eleven thousand moons they are all on the rise again in this period of land (What they conceive a plane) to turn upside down, and this means they are in his resurrection, will keep loans on their feet. The learned among them confess the absurdity of this doctrine, but the practice continues, in compliance with the vulgar. "
Swift was perhaps the narrator license year (such as a poetic license) to discuss this issue, but the ancient English entertained the idea crazy the world would be upset in Revelation as a testament to her eccentricity. This is a record of a head of burial for the statement. A Mayor Pedro Labeil Dorking, died June 4, 1800 "is so over Box Hill, Surrey." No is audited accounts of the burials in other places, mostly in southern England.
burials of slaves from America – Africa
No options left, the beginning of Black – American community quickly learned to burial practices of their oppressors. Familiarized themselves with funeral procedures and burial place for their families and friends. The task of preparing the dead for burial, the coffin into the tomb and the excavation have been attributed to several members of community. Under the supervision of his master agreements, the funeral took place at night when the work day was over, and plantations were close friends present. The body was wrapped in a cloth, his hands folded on his chest and a metal plate was placed on top of hands.The plates were there to stop them disturbing your home by removing all the spirits in the coffin. Personal effects were included in the coffin to pacify the spirits. After nailing the coffin lid, which was carried by a sheet or taken at the site by car. As a Christian burial, were asked in an east-west with the head facing the east. This was done as the original home, Africa
east, and facilitate the advancement and heard the trumpet of the Archangel Gabriel at sunrise.
The followers of the Baha'i faith can not cremate the body, and observe strict standards for landfill should not be more than an hour's drive from the place death. The coffin is made of glass or stone or wood cutting. The body must be wrapped in a shroud of silk or cotton, and if they are over 15 years, a ring should be placed on a register bearig finger: "I came from God, and He will return, detached from all save Him, with your name, the Compassionate, the Merciful. "In addition, special prayers for the dead before burial is ordered in these cases.
Burial sites
Religious and socio-cultural considerations play a role in site selection, in addition to health and other practical aspects. People with animist traditions believe that the remains of the dead should be banned, because if they remain very near their spirits harm to life, others believe in keeping them around to help survive generations. religious commandments request a specific site for this purpose. For example, Christians should be buried in "holy" land, which is usually a cemetery. A common practice has been buried in or near a church (the source of the word cemetery), which was later abndoned as a mark of honor posthumously to high late. However, many existing funeral monuments and crypts still in use. A palatial chapel or cathedral monuments are often the traditional burial place royalty or people of noble lineage.
Identification of landfill sites
Current practices require that the burial site marked a headstone for two reasons. First, it ensures that the grave would not be altered and exhumed the body. Second, headstones honor the deaths and contain the information necessary for the memory of the deceased. Especially for the famous brings a breath of immortality, genealogists and family historians find very useful later.
Then, in the tombs and monuments of many cultures are grouped together, forming a cemetery or the "city of the dead" as a complement the city of the living.
To find the burial place of the unknown or anonymous, a variety of markers as a simple crucifix, boots, helmet and rifle, sword and shield, a pile of stones and even a monument used. The machines are designed to combat heroes, soldiers and warriors who lost their lives in battle. In fact, the expression of the potter's field is used to designate the place of burial of paupers and strangers in a historical sense. It is believed the prodigy and genius Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was buried in this way because of their poverty. Normally, burial in the potter's field is the identification of the deceased is impossible, but the site is commemorated in small communities or death has been announced in the local media.
As a sign of respect for fallen warriors, nearly all countries have the burial of an unknown soldier in one place a prominent place in their capitals and cities.
Even if no one is buried there, the Gateway of India and All India War Memorial in New Delhi was built by British settlers in the memory of the 90,000 soldiers died in World War I. In his bow and bases are 13 516 registered names of Indian and British soldiers who died in the Indo-Afghan war of 1919, and is a monument separately. The Republic of India paid its tribute to the warriors who perished during the war between India and Pakistan in December 1971 with the installation of Jawan Amar Jyoti under the arch of the door, where a flame burns day and night to remind the nation of those who made the supreme sacrifice.
The same Similarly, the United States, is the tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery Westminster Abbey in London was the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and War France unidentified dead are buried under the Arc de Triumph.
But unmarked grave of people other than the soldiers are not so rare For example, in parts of East Germany, 43 percent of burials are anonymous.
The magazine, Christian Century reports that according to the Catholic Church Burial anonymous Roman Church are a reflection of the belief in God to fall, which is offset by the high cost of stone markers and the solitary nature of German life.
Mass Graves
Landfill vandalism, theft and desecration of the tomb are among the reasons for the secret to the grave usually by the family of the famous or infamous. An example of a shameful desecration is that history would be done by the vandals of the tomb of Mughal Emperor Akbar in Sikandra near Fatehpur Sikri, shortly after his death. Not only was the building destroyed, but their bones were scattered. Then there is the possibility that the tomb became a tourist attraction, especially if a certain celebrity related to cinema or film is buried there. Therefore, the cremated ashes Walt Disney were buried in a secret location in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, while Humphrey Bogart and Mary Pickford were buried in private gardens closed closed to the public.
Several graves
The desire to be buried in the plot of tha, even by married couples or members family has led to what is known as multiple burials. This is done either by placing the coffins or urns placed side by side or one above the other. Thinking ahead, such an agreement must first coffin to be placed at a depth greater than normal elsewhere. The second casket may be buried later without disturbing the first. In fact, in Australia two to three burials are allowed in a single plot, according to the minimum depth of groundwater in the region. The coffins were placed thereafter are separated by a thin layer of soil, and the grave is deeper than the traditional six feet.
Companies or groups perpetrating massacres or genocide burials use media to have a large number of bodies on the ground. However, in many cases, the funeral Mass is the only practical measure to solve most overwhelming number of living modified organisms resulting from a natural disaster or epidemic or accident or terrorist attack. With the test methods available today in developed societies, Genetic cemetery now be avoided, but it is not possible when the remains have not been identified with certainty.
Potter's fields, the final resting place for anonymous is also used for mass burials at the expense of the authorities local. There are cases where these anonymous bodies could be exhumed later and identified by law enforcement purposes. Almost all countries with regard to sunken warships during the war that the mass graves and rescue and recovery to ban leftovers. Instead of recovery, the United States Navy Leave a plaque in memory of the ship and its crew by divers or submersible, and families are invited to attend the ceremony.
Ancient great battle areas are also considered mass graves. In the Battle of Verdun during the First World War, 800,000 soldiers on both sides were killed in battle, the remains of 130,000 (again on both sides) remained Douamont in the ossuary. The task of recovery is still continuing, and each year more remains are kept in the vaults of the ossuary, Verdun is a mass of almost epic proportions.
The catacombs are another form of mass burials are common ground burial catacombs of the past. However, the Catacombs of Paris were used as a cemetery where the remains of other city cemeteries marked for demolition (in urban renewal by Baron Haussmann in 1850 to 1870) were brought. Judaism not allow more than one body in a well. However, an exception to what has been done in the military cemetery in Jerusalem, and is called "Kever ah-Chim" ("The Tomb of the brothers "in Hebrew). There, two soldiers died in a tank have been buried together. As the body with pieces of metal deposit has become merged into the separate identification was not possible, colleagues and metal parts of the tank had been buried in a tomb.
Burial of his life
These things happen when the person is alive, leaving no room to escape and prevent its burial. Death occurs by asphyxiation, dehydration, starvation or exposure if the area is in a cold region. burial life people can be accomplished in several ways.
Could be a punishment, execution or murder just normal.
A person or group of people may be buried alive when they are in a mine, cave or other region in the ground domain, and the output is blocked due to accidents, earthquakes, landslides or mudslides. People also are buried living on the slopes of the mountains due to avalanches.
It could also be due to an inadvertent error as an official medical examiner has said that the dead person, even if he / she was alive.
The funeral of unions Street
Bodies of people make suicides and executed criminals were buried together at cross roads cross the street or prevent such activities. A cross that was placed in places, giving rise to the belief that these points are the reasons set out second best. In fact, the ancient Germanic peoples have built their altars at the crossroads where the human sacrifices, especially the execution of criminals were held. Over time, these places came to be regarded as grounds for execution, and where Christianity will keep criminals and suicides were buried at night to mimic as closely as possible their funeral to that of the pagans or infidels. Now a relic of the place of performance is the famous Tyburn in London which is located at the intersection of two years, the Roman roads.
Superstition also plays a role in the selection of a crossroads as basis for its implementation. Was believed that people come to this inglorious end tend to increase as the ghosts haunting his life and the associated relationships. At the crossroads, which was unable to find his way and the life was saved from unwanted visits.
Burials by other species of animals
Homo Sapiens are apparently not the only ones affected (buried) to their deaths. It says that chimpanzees and elephants body cover private members of their groups and herds losing ground, branches and leaves.
Life after death
A comfortable beyond the law, but not only reason for burial in almost all cultures. There is considered in a number of faiths: Baha'i, Buddhist (a variation known as a renaissance / Reincarnation), Christian (another variant known as the resurrection), Hindu, Jain (reincarnation) Jewish, Islam, the pagans (reincarnation) Sikhs (reincarnation) and Parsis. It would be beyond the self is considered accepted by four religions, while the rest believe otherwise.
In general, known as the fifth Veda (although some give that distinction to Ayurveda) Bhagabat the Gita admit the supremacy of the Vedas provides a clear statement doctrine of karma (in short: what you sow, if the harvest) and reincarnation. It should be mentioned here that the Vedas do not show this doctrine, but does not refer to something beyond the Upanishads in sophisticated hypothesis that traces the origins of karma and reincarnation in the canon of Vedic sacrifices. Not exactly a belief system of Hinduism consider how they behave, to behave (Achara), not opinion, this view (vichara) to keep and care. Given this, as also the fact that many Hindus and Sikhs believe in reincarnartion, remains doubtful that the defining characteristics of a Hindu or a Sikh is a belief in reincarnation.
Reincarnation, however, has its roots in Buddhism, with its credo of the cycle of rebirth, and finally nirvana. About Nirvana the most concise definition is that nothing can be said about this, as indefinable as the
Brahman (different Brahman) in Advaita Vedanta of the Hindus. The Buddha said that our actions are responsible for our happiness and sadness. The heart of our experience in our past actions. Bad actions lead pain and pain in the future, while ensuring smooth happiness and fulfillment in the time ahead. The doctrine of karma or karma, as the Buddha, is that nobody can escape responsibility for what they do. Actions may be healthy (kusala) or that could be unhealthy (akusala). You must be an intention behind all the actions and actions of assault on a person is not morally wrong. All actions end in a kind of conclusions that could be in this life or the other, "said the Buddha. Regarding with this is the concept of reincarnation or the existence in some other non-human. It identifies six areas: hell, hungry ghost realm, the animal world the human realm, the abode of the gods and jealous heaven. A person is reborn in one of these kingdoms depnding on his past actions. It is the realm of man that gives you the opportunity for illumination, and therefore the best environment for birth. The Buddha said that the individual soul does not change from one form to another, is more of a process fluid where awareness passes from one life to another according to the above.
Islam believes in the pursuit of the soul after death and transformation in physical existence. It would be a day of reckoning when the eternal destiny of Hell and Paradise are determined for all. A fundamental principle of the Qur'an is the last Daywhen, the world will end and God will judge all mankind and the jinn of the resurrection of the dead. The last day is also known as the Day Disengagement, rules the day, even the Day of Judgement Day Awakening or time. Until then, the dead remain in their graves waiting, but have an idea his imminent death. Hell bound continue to suffer, while others will be at peace. The final destination is determined by the balance of good deeds and bad life. The admission Heaven is given to physical and spiritual pleasures forever, while the pain and torment for eternity will be the fate of the prisoners. The time is described as a step over a narrow bridge to enter Paradise. The misdeeds that are heavy fall and stay in hell forever. There are two exceptions: those who died fighting by God, are made in God's presence, but "the enemies of Islam" are immediately sent to hell after death.
Seol is a name given to the above, later incorporated into the Hebrew Bible, a dark and pessimistic when all the dead are doomed to disappear. In fact, in the Book Numbers, sheol means literally underground. It says in the Bible the destruction of a rebel named Korah and his followers. The God here is ruthless and relentless all.
The concept of death and Beyond (immortality) by the (Judeo-Christian) Bible is that God created us from the dust of the earth which we return to the death, and the psalmist continues:
"When you breathe your last, his return to Earth
And the day Today his thoughts perish. "
In the New Testament, there is one change: the vivid description of death in the Old Testament not refuse, but he will say that history is more than that Wole. The death of gender remains the same, but in Christ, because of its role as a savior, which is not as scared as before – the dead will live again. This time with a new resurrected life, the belief that housed many Jews for hundreds of years before Christ, at the end of the Second Temple Judaism. The new Christian movement, even before they parted not with Judaism, is firmly convinced that Jesus of Nazareth was nailed to a cross, resurrected from the dead and literally body and it would be the means by which it is hoped the general resurrection of the dead out. Belief has become an omnipresent theme in early Christian sermons that give rise to the impression that Christians were praying to two gods: "Jesus" and "Resurrection (Anastasis).
Anyway, if you consider humans as living beings, and not intangible or incorporeal souls, then death should be Al end of them. There are, however, an interesting article HHPrice (1953) says that the disembodied souls exist in a "world" of dream images, and these images are exchanged between related telepathically.
Not as crazy as it sounds, when case of near-death experiences or NDE (for short) is considered. They are reported by people who were both very close to death in some cases of clinical death. If at this stage have very similar experiences, and issues are more or less recurrent.
For the former, are the out of body experience in which people in a coma describe things that have no access roads normal sense.
A child in the hospital told the peole accurate reaction left at home. People with criminal background EEG described what was happening in the area. If these experiments are due to what is known as extra sensory perception, it is difficult to imagine how previous periods without detectable brain activity. Almost all the reports mention the blindness ยช white lights, to see their bodies lying face down or other distance and so on. These reports make the point of view nde naturalist in the classic spirit and the brain under some pressure. And the naturalistic point of view beyond an impossibility.
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With the help of wikipedia and other sources
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About the Author
chartered engineer(India), B.Sc., risk management consultant, blogger and layabout
